Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses the body’s immune system to fight cancer. It works by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. While immunotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating some types of cancer, it can also cause side effects. In this answer, we will discuss the most common side effects of immunotherapy and how they can be managed.
Fatigue: Fatigue is one of the most common side effects of immunotherapy. It can range from mild to severe and can be caused by the immune system working harder than usual. Fatigue can affect a person’s ability to carry out daily activities and can last for several weeks or months. To manage fatigue, it is important to rest when needed and to conserve energy. Exercise can also help to reduce fatigue.
Skin reactions: Skin reactions are common with immunotherapy and can include rash, itching, and dry skin. In some cases, these reactions can be severe and require medical attention. To manage skin reactions, it is important to keep the skin clean and moisturized. Avoiding exposure to the sun and wearing protective clothing can also help to reduce skin reactions.
Nausea and vomiting: Immunotherapy can cause nausea and vomiting, which can be mild or severe. These side effects can be caused by the immune system attacking cancer cells in the digestive tract. To manage nausea and vomiting, anti-nausea medications can be prescribed. Eating small, frequent meals and avoiding spicy or greasy foods can also help to reduce these side effects.
Diarrhea: Diarrhea is another common side effect of immunotherapy. It can be caused by the immune system attacking cancer cells in the digestive tract. Diarrhea can range from mild to severe and can be managed with over-the-counter medications. It is important to stay hydrated when experiencing diarrhea.
Flu-like symptoms: Immunotherapy can cause flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and muscle aches. These side effects are caused by the immune system’s response to the treatment. To manage flu-like symptoms, over-the-counter medications can be used to reduce fever and relieve muscle aches.
Respiratory problems: Immunotherapy can cause respiratory problems, including coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing. These side effects can be caused by the immune system attacking cancer cells in the lungs. To manage respiratory problems, medications can be prescribed to open up the airways and reduce inflammation.
Changes in blood pressure: Immunotherapy can cause changes in blood pressure, including high or low blood pressure. These side effects can be caused by the immune system’s response to the treatment. To manage changes in blood pressure, medications can be prescribed to regulate blood pressure.
Changes in liver function: Immunotherapy can cause changes in liver function, including elevated liver enzymes. These side effects can be caused by the immune system attacking cancer cells in the liver. To manage changes in liver function, regular blood tests can be done to monitor liver function.
Endocrine problems: Immunotherapy can cause endocrine problems, including thyroid problems and diabetes. These side effects can be caused by the immune system attacking healthy cells in the body. To manage endocrine problems, medications can be prescribed to regulate hormone levels.
It is important to note that not everyone who undergoes immunotherapy will experience these side effects. The severity of the side effects can also vary from person to person. If you are undergoing immunotherapy and experiencing side effects, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider. They can provide guidance on how to manage the side effects and may adjust your treatment plan if needed.
