Intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment approach that uses a photosensitizing agent and light to destroy cancer cells during surgery. While PDT has shown promise as a treatment for mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive form of cancer that develops in the lining of the lungs, heart, or abdomen, there are risks associated with the procedure. In this answer, we will discuss the risks of intraoperative PDT for mesothelioma and provide a detailed overview of the potential complications that patients may experience.
Skin sensitivity and photosensitivity: One of the most common side effects of PDT is skin sensitivity and photosensitivity. The photosensitizing agent used in PDT makes the skin more sensitive to light, which can cause redness, itching, and burning. Patients may need to avoid exposure to sunlight or bright lights for several days after the procedure to prevent further skin irritation.
Damage to healthy tissues: While PDT is designed to target cancer cells, there is a risk of damage to healthy tissues during the procedure. The photosensitizing agent can accumulate in healthy tissues, which can lead to unintended damage during the light treatment. This can cause pain, swelling, and inflammation in the affected area.
Respiratory complications: Intraoperative PDT for mesothelioma involves the use of light to target cancer cells in the lungs, which can increase the risk of respiratory complications. Patients may experience shortness of breath, coughing, and difficulty breathing during and after the procedure.
Bleeding: PDT can increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery. The photosensitizing agent can damage blood vessels, which can lead to bleeding in the affected area. Patients may need to undergo additional procedures to control bleeding if it occurs.
Infection: Any surgical procedure carries a risk of infection, and PDT is no exception. Patients may develop infections in the treated area, which can lead to fever, swelling, and redness. Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent or treat infections.
Nausea and vomiting: Some patients may experience nausea and vomiting after undergoing intraoperative PDT. This is typically a temporary side effect and can be managed with medication.
Hypersensitivity reactions: In rare cases, patients may experience hypersensitivity reactions to the photosensitizing agent used in PDT. Symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction may include rash, itching, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the face or throat. Patients should notify their healthcare provider immediately if they experience any of these symptoms.
Damage to nearby organs: In some cases, PDT may damage nearby organs or tissues. For example, if PDT is used to treat mesothelioma in the abdomen, nearby organs such as the liver, spleen, or kidneys may be affected. This can cause pain, bleeding, and other complications.
Recurrence: While intraoperative PDT can be effective in destroying cancer cells, there is a risk of cancer recurrence after the procedure. Patients may need to undergo additional treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, to prevent the cancer from returning.
In conclusion, intraoperative PDT is a promising treatment approach for mesothelioma, but it is not without risks. Patients should be aware of the potential complications associated with the procedure and discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before undergoing treatment. By working closely with their healthcare team, patients can make informed decisions about their treatment options and minimize the risk of complications.
