Radiation therapy is a common treatment option used for patients with diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM). It involves the use of high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. While radiation therapy can be effective in treating DMPM, it can also cause several side effects. In this answer, we will discuss the side effects of radiation therapy for DMPM and how they can be managed.
Skin irritation and fatigue
Radiation therapy can cause skin irritation and fatigue due to the high-energy radiation used to kill cancer cells. Patients may experience redness, itching, dryness, and peeling of the skin in the treated area. Fatigue is another common side effect of radiation therapy, which can be caused by the body’s response to the treatment. Fatigue can make it difficult for patients to carry out their daily activities and may require rest periods throughout the day.
Nausea and vomiting
Radiation therapy can cause nausea and vomiting, which may occur during or shortly after treatment. These side effects are more common when radiation therapy is used to treat DMPM in the abdominal cavity. Medications can be prescribed to manage nausea and vomiting, and patients are advised to eat small, frequent meals and avoid spicy or fatty foods.
Diarrhea and bowel problems
Radiation therapy can cause diarrhea and other bowel problems, such as cramping, bloating, and urgency. These side effects may occur when radiation therapy is used to treat DMPM in the lower abdomen. Patients are advised to drink plenty of fluids, eat a low-fiber diet, and avoid foods that can irritate the digestive system. Medications can also be prescribed to manage diarrhea and other bowel problems.
Urinary problems
Radiation therapy can cause urinary problems, such as frequency, urgency, and pain during urination. These side effects may occur when radiation therapy is used to treat DMPM in the pelvic area. Patients are advised to drink plenty of fluids and avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can irritate the bladder. Medications can also be prescribed to manage urinary problems.
Sexual problems
Radiation therapy can cause sexual problems in both men and women. Men may experience erectile dysfunction, while women may experience vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse. Patients are advised to discuss these side effects with their healthcare provider, who can recommend treatments to manage sexual problems.
Secondary cancers
Radiation therapy can increase the risk of developing secondary cancers, particularly in the surrounding tissues that receive radiation. However, the risk of developing a secondary cancer is generally low and varies depending on the dose and duration of radiation therapy. Patients are advised to discuss the risks and benefits of radiation therapy with their healthcare provider.
Management of side effects
The management of side effects of radiation therapy for DMPM depends on the type and severity of the side effect. Patients are advised to discuss any side effects they experience with their healthcare provider, who can recommend treatments to manage them. Common treatments for side effects include medications, changes in diet and lifestyle, and supportive care.
In conclusion, radiation therapy is an effective treatment option for patients with DMPM. However, it can cause several side effects, including skin irritation, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and bowel problems, urinary problems, sexual problems, and an increased risk of secondary cancers. Patients are advised to discuss the risks and benefits of radiation therapy with their healthcare provider and to report any side effects they experience during treatment. With proper management, most side effects can be effectively managed, allowing patients to continue their treatment and maintain their quality of life.
